{"title":"Aevum Menu: Greece \u003e City-States \u0026 Rulers \u003e Sparta","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"athenian-hoplite-vs-spartan-hoplite-peloponnesian-war-431-404-bc-combat-53","title":"Athenian Hoplite vs Spartan Hoplite: Peloponnesian War 431–404 BC (Combat, 53)","description":"\u003cp\u003eFeaturing full-color artwork and drawing upon an array of sources, this is the story of the clash between Athenian and Spartan hoplites during the Peloponnesian War.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), waged between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies, involved some of the most important developments in ancient warfare. A life-and-death struggle between the two most powerful Greek city-states in the wake of their combined successes against the Persian invasion of Xerxes in 480–479 BC, the conflict dragged in communities from all over the Greek world on one side or the other. Ranging from the Black Sea to Sicily, the war saw the first recorded widespread use of light-armed troops, reserves, the deep phalanx, and other ideas important for the development of Western warfare into the 4th century BC, such as strategic thinking. It also revealed lessons (some learned and some not) with respect to the strengths and weaknesses of hoplite warfare and the various states in Greece. Featuring full-color artwork and drawing upon an array of sources, this study of three pivotal clashes between Spartan and Athenian hoplite forces during the Peloponnesian War highlights all of these developments and lessons.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Osprey Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44361148039302,"sku":"9781472844125","price":39.95,"currency_code":"AUD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0671\/9199\/6550\/files\/9781472844125.jpg?v=1788925553"},{"product_id":"sparta-rise-of-a-warrior-nation","title":"Sparta: Rise of a Warrior Nation","description":"\u003cp\u003eTheir contemporaries were fascinated by the Spartans and we still are. They are portrayed as the stereotypical macho heroes: noble, laconic, totally fearless, and impervious to discomfort and pain. What makes the study of Sparta so interesting is that to a large extent the Spartans lived up to this image.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAncient Sparta, however, was a city of contrasts. We might admire their physical toughness and heroism in adversity but Spartans also systematically abused their children. They gave rights to citizen women that were unmatched in Europe until the modern era, meanwhile subjecting their conquered subject peoples to a murderous reign of terror. Though idealized by the Athenian contemporaries of Socrates, Sparta was almost devoid of intellectual achievement.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhilip Matyszak explores two themes: how Sparta came to be the unique society it was, and the rise of the city from a Peloponnesian village to the military superpower of Greece. But above all, his focus is on the Spartan hoplite, the archetypal Greek warrior who was respected and feared throughout Greece in his own day, and who has since become a legend. The reader is shown the man behind the myth; who he was, who he thought he was, and the environment which produced him.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pen and Sword Military","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44361149087878,"sku":"9781399014564","price":45.95,"currency_code":"AUD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0671\/9199\/6550\/files\/9781399014564.jpg?v=1788925557"},{"product_id":"pausanias-of-sparta-from-victor-to-traitor-ancient-lives","title":"Pausanias of Sparta: From Victor to Traitor (Ancient Lives)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe story of Pausanias, the general who defeated the Persians invading Greece and changed the course of history\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeaving together ancient sources, Daniel Ogden tells the gripping story of the enigmatic and controversial Spartan regent to an underage king. Pausanias (ca. 505–ca. 467 BCE) would never have come to power had the Persians not annihilated the Greek forces at Thermopylae in 480 BCE, killing his uncle Leonidas. The next year, Greek forces under the new regent’s command crushed the Persians at the decisive Battle of Plataea. It was a brilliant victory for Pausanias, but his heroic reputation swiftly declined. He was accused of tyrannical ambition, treachery, rape, and murder and came to a grisly and ghostly end, starved to death in Sparta’s Temple of Athena.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this meticulously researched book―the first full-length biography of Pausanias in English―Ogden searches for the truth behind the ancient stories. Was Pausanias merely misunderstood and misrepresented, or was he an egotist in thrall to his own success? Despite Pausanias’s dark demise, Ogden hails his greatest achievement: by defeating the Persians he ensured the future of Classical Greek culture and the development of Western civilization as we know it.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Yale University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44361156558982,"sku":"9780300284768","price":65.95,"currency_code":"AUD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0671\/9199\/6550\/files\/9780300284768.jpg?v=1788925839"},{"product_id":"the-corinthian-war-395-387-bc-the-twilight-of-spartas-empire","title":"The Corinthian War, 395–387 BC: The Twilight of Sparta's Empire","description":"\u003cp\u003eNarrates and analyzes an oft-neglected war between Sparta and an unlikely alliance of Athens, Persia, Thebes, Corinth and Argos all while including detailed analysis of the battles of Haliartus, Nemea, Cnidus, Coronea and Lechaeum.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the end of the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC, Sparta reigned supreme in Greece. Having vanquished their rival Athens and quickly dismantled the wealthy and powerful Athenian Empire, Sparta set its sights on dominating the Mediterranean world and had begun a successful invasion of the vast Persian Empire under their legendary king Agesilaus II. But with their victory over Athens came the inheritance of governing Athens’s empire - and Sparta desperately lacked both a cogent vision of empire and the essential economic and trade infrastructure to survive in the role of hegemon. Sparta’s overextension of empire compounded with internal political conflict to antagonize the rest of Greece with heavy-fisted and uneven interventionism. Soon the unlikely confederacy of Athens, Corinth, Thebes, Argos, and Persia united against Sparta in a war that, despite a Spartan victory, had devastating ramifications for their empire.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Corinthian War (395 - 387 BC) was a fascinating entanglement of clashing empires, complex diplomatic alliances and betrayals, and political fissures erupting after centuries of tension. Situated between the great Peloponnesian War and the Theban-Spartan War, the Corinthian War is often overlooked or understood as an aftershock of the civil war Greece had just endured. But the Corinthian War was instead a seminal conflict that reshaped the Greek world, illustrating the limits of Sparta’s newfound imperial experiment as they grappled with their own internal cultural conflicts and charted the rise - and fall - of their newfound hegemony and the future of Greece.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pen and Sword Military","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44361161244806,"sku":"9781399072199","price":70.95,"currency_code":"AUD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0671\/9199\/6550\/files\/9781399072199.jpg?v=1788925956"},{"product_id":"the-battle-of-leuctra-371-bc-the-collapse-of-sparta-s-empire-and-the-rise-of-the-theban-hegemony","title":"The Battle of Leuctra, 371 BC: The Collapse of Sparta’s Empire and the Rise of the Theban Hegemony","description":"\u003cp\u003eThebes’ emergence as a dominant power in ancient Greece follows a resilient resistance and strategic leadership that toppled Spartan hegemony after a shaping clash.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter defeating a coalition of Athens, Thebes, Persia, and other Greek city-states at the end of the Corinthian War in 387 BC, Sparta tyrannized all of Greece with nearly unchecked power. But her empire had been hollowed by the cost of generations of war and a most unfavourable trend in demographics: a sharp decline in Spartan soldiers and citizens. With Sparta's infirmity came a desperately tighter grip on Greece. And Sparta’s renowned king, Agesilaus II, held a special hatred for Thebes. After conquering the city in 382 BC, Sparta dismantled Thebes and intended to permanently eliminate their Theban problem.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThebes, though, was stubbornly resilient in the face of Sparta’s cruelty and not only survived Spartan occupation, but soon overthrew Sparta and aimed to shatter her empire. Against the odds, Thebes succeeded. Her victory boiled down to the indomitable spirit of two men: the irreproachable general Epaminondas and the cunning statesman Pelopidas. The two formed a local resistance movement that first liberated their home from Spartan oppression in 378 and then challenged Sparta’s empire outright in the Theban-Spartan War. By 371 at the Battle of Leuctra, their vision of a free Thebes and broken Sparta was realized, and the infamous Spartan war machine was at long last defeated. For the first time since the age of mythology, Thebes reigned supreme over Greece. Leuctra was the lynchpin of the new Theban Hegemony, and began a new era of empire in Greece, and the first power in centuries that was not Athens or Sparta.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pen and Sword Military","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44361161605254,"sku":"9781036118181","price":85.95,"currency_code":"AUD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0671\/9199\/6550\/files\/9781036118181.jpg?v=1788925959"}],"url":"https:\/\/aevumbooks.com\/collections\/aevum-menu-greece-city-states-rulers-sparta.oembed","provider":"Aevum Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}